VISICALC INSTRUCTIONS
VERS. 1.7A

J. GOLDEN, SAN ANTONIO TEXAS 1984

MOVING THE CURSOR:

1.  THE ARROW KEYS MOVE THE CURSOR LEFT, RT, UP OR DOWN.
2. ";"  IF TWO WINDOWS, MOVES THE CURSOR FROM 1 WINDOW TO THE
        OTHER.
3. ">"  GO TO COMMAND. TYPE THE COORDINATES OF THE ENTRY
        WHERE YOU WANT CURSOR TO GO; RETURN.

USE THE BREAK KEY TO ABORT AN ENTRY

SETTING A LABEL ENTRY:
LABEL ENTRIES START WITH A LETTER, (A-Z), OR WITH A QUOTE CHARACTER. 
PROMPT LINE WILL SAY LABEL.  USE THE " ENTRY TO ENTER A NUMBER AS A 
LABEL, OR TO ENTER SEVERAL BLANK SPACES BEFORE A WORD.


SETTING A VALUE ENTRY:
A VALUE ENTRY DISPLAYS THE CALCULATED VALUE OF THE EXPRESSION STORED AT 
THE ENTRY.  CONSISTS OF NUMBERS, COORDINATES, FUNCTIONS, ARITHMETIC 
OPERATORS (+,-,/,*,^), AND OR PARENTHESES.

START AN EXPRESSION WITH + TO SET THE PROMPT LINE TO VALUE, OTHERWISE , 
IT WILL BE A LABEL. IF YOU PRESS ! WHILE ENTERING AN EXPRESSION, IT WILL 
CALCULATE ON THE EDIT LINE.


FUNCTIONS:
1.  @SUM(A2.A10)  CALCULATES THE SUM OF THE VALUES A2 THRU A10.  YOU CAN 
ALSO ADD CELLS AS +A2 + B5 OR
                  SUBSTRACT AS +A2 - B5.
2.  @MIN(A2.A10)  CALCULATED THE MIN. VALUE IN THE LIST.
3.  @MAX(A2.A10)  CALCULATES THE MAXIMUM VALUE.
4.  @COUNT(A2.A10) # OF NON-BLANK ENTRIES IN THE LIST.
5.  @AVERAGE(A2.A9)  CALCULATES THE AVERAGE OF VALUES IN THE LIST.
6.  @NPV(.10,A2.A9)  CALCULATES NET PRESENT VALUE OF CASH FLOWS IN THE 
RANGE.
7.  @CHOOSE(N,LIST) RESULTS IN THE NTH VALUE IN LIST.
8.  @LOOKUP(V,RANGE) COMPARES THE VALUE V TO THE VALUES OF ENTRIES IN 
THE RANGE, & SELECTS A CORRESPONDING VALUE FROM THE COLUMN OR ROW 
IMMEDIATELY TO THE RIGHT OR BELOW THE ENTRIES IN RANGE.
9.  @NA RESULTS IN A NOT AVAILABLE VALUE THAT MAKES ALL EXPRESSION USING 
THE VALUE DISPLAY AS NA.
10. @ERROR RESULTS IN AN ERROR vALUE THAT MAKES ALL EXPRESSIONS USING 
THE VALUE DISPLAY ERROR.
11. @PI RESULTS IN 3.1415926536.
12. @ABS(V) RESULTS IN THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF V.
13. @INT(V) RESULTS IN THE INTEGER PORTION OF V,  EX. INT(A1)
14. CALCULATES THE APPROPIATE FUNCTION"
     @EXP(V)     @SQRT(V)
     @LN(V)      @LOG10(V)
     @SIN(V)     @ASIN(V)
     @COS(V)     @ACOS(V)
     @TAN(V)     @ATAN(V)

ATARI VISICALC DOES NOT SUPPORT @IF WHICH IS A схаме; HOWEVER, SYNCALC 
DOES AND ALLOWS EDITNG AND MANY ADDITIONAL OPTIONS!

COMMANDS
1.  /B  SETS AN ENTRY TO BLANK, MUST HIT RETURN OR ARROW KEY.
2.  /C  CLEARS THE SHEET, MUST TYPE "Y" TO CONFIRM THIS COMMAND.
3.  /D  DELETES  THE ROW (/DR) OR COLUMN (/DC) ON WHICH THE CURSOR LIES.
4.  /F  SETS THE DISPLAY TO ONE OF THE FOLLOWING FORMATS:
         /FG GENERAL FORMAT
         /FI INTEGER
         /F$ DOLLAR AND CENTS 
         /FL LEFT JUSTIFIED
         /FR RIGHT JUSTIFIED
         /F* GRAPH FORMAT
         /FD DEFAULT RESETS ENTRY
CAN USE GLOBAL DEFAULT FORMAT INSTEAD OF FORMAT SET WITH /F CMD
5.  /G  GLOBAL COMMANDS ... APPLY TO ENTIRE WORKSHEET.  /GC SETS COLUMN 
WIDTH, 2-43, RETURN, EX. /GC9 IS THE DEFAULT.
6.  /GF - GLOBAL FORMAT -SETS FORMAT OF ALL ENTRIES WITHOUT /F CMD.  USE 
SAME DISPLAY FORMATS USED BY THE /F CMD.  EX. /GFI.
   /GO SETS ORDER OF CALCULAT. TO BE DOWN COLUMNS /GOC, OR ACROSS ROWS 
/GOR.
   /GR SETS RECALC. TO BE AUTOMATIC (/GRA) OR MANUAL(/GRM).
   !  FOR A MANUAL RECALC.
7.  /I  INSERTS A ROW (/IR) OR A COLUMN (/IC) JUST ABOVE OR TO THE LEFT 
OF THE ROW OR COLUMN ON WHICH CURSOR LIES.
8.  /M  MOVES ENTIRE ROW OR COLUMN, END WITH RETURN.
9.  /P  PRINT COMMAND.
10. /R  REPLICATE COMMAND.
11. /S  STORAGE COMMAND.
12. /T  SETS TITLES HORIZONTAL (/TH), OR VERTICAL (/TV) OR BOTH (/TB), 
OR NONE (/TN).
13. /V  DISPLAYS SERIAL NUMBER & VERSION NUMBER.
14. /W  WINDOW CONTROL, SPLITS SCREEN INTO 2 WINDOWS AT CURSOR POSITION 
(/WH FOR HORIZON.),(/WV VERTICAL), (/W1 ONE WINDOW).  WINDOWS MAYBE 
SYNCHRONIZED (/WS) OR UNSYNCH. (/WU).
15. /-  REPEATING LABEL FOR A CELL.


PRINTING
1.  /P COMMAND LETS YOU OUTPUT SHEET TO PRINTER OR DISK AS A DIF FILE.
2.  WITH CURSOR ON UPPER LEFT, ENTER /P P-ENTER LOWER RT-RETURN.
3.  TO SET UP YOUR PRINTER WITH PRINTER CONTROLS: ENTER /PP-" FOR SET-
UP. FOR NEC ENTER ESC-Q FOR
    CONDENSED, RETURN TO ENTER LOWER RT.-RETURN TO PRINT
4. (-) OR (&) : TO SUPPRESS THE LINE FEED, TYPE (-) , TO REINITIATE
5.  TO OUTPUT TO A FILE: TYPE F, ENTER FILENAME-RETURN MOVE CURSOR TO OR 
ENTER LOWER RT. CORNER OF RECTANGLE TO PRINT OUT AND PRESS RETURN.

REPLICATE
THE /R COMMAND ALLOWS YOU TO MAKE COPIES OF ENTRIES.
1.  POSITION CURSOR ON 1ST CELL ENTRY YOU WANT TO REPLICATE, TYPE /R
2.  PGM WILL ASK FOR COORDINATES OF THE SOURCE (WHAT YOU WANT TO COPY).  
IF YOU ARE REPLICATING JUST THE CURRENT ENTRY, PRESS RETURN. TO 
REPLICATE A RANGE OF ENTRIES, TYPE AN ( AND PROVIDE THE COORDINATES, 
THEN RETURN.
3.  PGM WILL ASK FOR COORDINATES OF THE TARGET (WHERE YOU WANT TO COPY 
IT TO), THEN RETURN.
4.  IF THE EXPRESSION BEING REPLICATED CONTAINS VALUE REFERENCES PGM 
WILL ASK YOU FOR EACH VALUE REFERENCED WHETHER IT SHOULD NOT BE MODIFIED 
(RESPOND WITH N IF YOU WANT IT EXACTLY AS THE SOURCE) OR SHOULD ALWAYS 
REFER TO THE ENTRY IN THE SAME RELATIVE POSITION (ENTER R, IT WILL NOT 
BE THE SAME AS THE SOURCE).
5.  EX. /R REPLICATE, SOURCE RANGE, TARGET RANGE, RET, N OR R


STORAGE COMMANDS:
1.  /SS SAVE ALL ENTRIES, TITLES, AND WINDOW SETTINGS IN A FILE, PROMPTS 
FOR A FILENAME. EX. /SS FILENAME [RETURN].
2.  /SL LOAD CONTENTS , PROMPTS FOR FILENAME, OR USE CTR-RT ARROW TO 
SCAN DISK DIRECTORY AND HIT RETURN WHEN YOU WANT TO LOAD A TITLE THAT 
YOU SEE.
3.  /SD DELETES SPECIFIED FILE ON DISK, MUST TYPE "Y" TO CONFIRM.
4.  /SI FORMAT DISK (INITIALIZE) RETURN.
5.  /S#S SAVES DATA IN A DIF FILE.  PROMPTS FOR A FILENAME, THEN LOWER 
RT.,RETURN, R OR C FOR ROWS OR COLUMNS, THEN RETURN.
6.  /S#L LOADS DATA FROM DIF FILE, ASKS FOR FILENAME, AND R OR C.
7.  /SQ QUITS VISICALC & RETURNS TO DISK OPERATING SYSTEM, MUST CONFIRM 
WITH "Y".


ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
1.  TOTAL OF 63 COLUMNS  AND 254 ROWS
2.  ANY ERROR CAUSES A "BEEP" SOUND.
3.  TOP OF SCREEN: A ENTRY CONTENTS LINE & A PROMPT LINE.
4.  CAN USE CAPITAL/LOWER CASE LTRS
5.  BREAK KEY CANCELS OUT ALL ENTRIES
6.  DEFAULT COLUMN WIDTH IS /GC9. THE INFORMATION STORED IS THE SAME, 
ONLY THE INFORMATION DISPLAYED IS CHANGED WITH DIFFERENT COLUMN WIDTHS.
7.  /B TO  BLANK A SINGLE ENTRY.     EX. /B RETURN OR USE ARROW.
8.  /C CLEAR CMD, "Y" TO CONFIRM, CANCEL BY HITTING BREAK OR SPACE BAR.
9.  CAN USE /R CMD TO REPLICATE A BLANK OR BLANK FORMAT ENTRY.
10. AFTER A CLEAR SHEET CMD, ALL GOES TO DEFAULTS AS FOLLOWS: COLUMN 
WIDTH=9, COLUMNWISE CALC, AUTOMATIC RECALC. MODE, GENERAL FORMAT, SINGLE 
WINDOW, CURSOR AT A1, AND NO FIXED TITLES.
11. BACKUP COPIES ARE MOST IMPORTANT!
12. IF WORKSHEET IS NOT CLEARED 1ST, CAN LOAD ONE WORKSHEET ON TOP OF 
THE 1ST.
13.  /D (R=ROW OR C=COLUMN) THINK & HESITATE BEFORE YOU DO DELETE A ROW 
OR COLUMN. EX. /DR OR /DC
14. AFTER ROW OR COLUMN IS DELETED, THE FORMULAS WILL BE ADJUSTED.
15.  /G CORF
     C COLUMN WIDTH, /GC9
     O ORDER OF RECALCULATION, /GOC
     R RECALCULATION MODE, /GRA
     F FORMAT, EX. /GF$
16. STORAGE TO DISK OR CASSETTE, USE C: FOR FILENAME WITH CASSETTE.
17. PRINTER CODES FOR ATARI 825: ESC CTRL-T RETURN FOR CONDENSED
18. CAN USE WILDCARD FOR FILENAMES USING THE *
19. VISICALC PUTS A FILENAME.VC EXTENDER (VC)
20. DON'T FORGET TO CLEAR SHEET 1ST (/C, "Y", RET.) OR YOU WILL GET AN 
OVERLAY ON LOADING A NEW PROGRAM.
21. USE THE SPLIT SCREEN WHEN PRINTING, SO THAT YOU CAN FIND THE LOWER 
RT. CORNER (/W V OR H).
22. PUT DOS ON DATA DISKS SO THAT YOU CAN USE CONTROL KEY + RT. ARROW 
KEY TO READ DIRECTORY.
23. >>>>>>> IN A CELL MEANS NOT ENOUGH ROOM IN A CELL TO DISPLAY 
PROPERLY, CAN MAKE WIDER COLUMNS.
24. EEEEEEE IN A CELL, MEANS THAT THERE HAS BEEN AN ERROR, IF IT'S DO TO 
REFERENCING A CELL TO THE RIGHT OF THE SHEET UPON LOADING, HIT ! AFTER 
LOADING TO CORRECT THIS.  OR YOU MAY HAVE DELETED A CELL THAT A FORMULA 
NEEDED.  AVOID BY PLACING A @NA (NOT AVAILABLE) IN A CELL YOU DON'T HAVE 
A VALUE FOR YET.  ALL CELLS THAT REFERENCE A "NA" CELL WILL HAVE A NA.
25. TO LOAD A CASSETTE: /SL C:
26. POINTING THE CURSOR - IN PRINTING THE SHEET, YOU MOVE TO THE LOWER 
RIGHT CORNER OF THE RECTANGLE AND PRESS RETURN TO TELL VISICALC THIS IS 
THE CORNER.  THIS IS CALLED "POINTING" WITH THE CURSOR AND IS A 
TECHNIQUE THAT YOU CAN USE ALMOST ANYWHERE YOU NEED A COORDINATE 
REFERENCE.
27. @LOOKUP -LOOKUP TABLES SHOULD BE PLACED BELOW OR TO THE RIGHT OF 
VALUES TO BE FOUND.  EX. @LOOKUP (B2,C15...C23). IN THE EX., B2 IS THE 
ENTRY TO LOOK UP IN THE TABLE, C15...C23 THE 1ST COLUMN OF THE TABLE.  
IT WILL RETURN THE CORRESPONDING VALUE IN THE TABLE'S 2ND COLUMN.  IT 
LOOKS FOR A NUMBER THAT IS NOT GREATER THAT THE LOOKUP VALUE WHEN IT 
GOES THROUGHT THE TABLE.  PUT A ZERO IN EVERY LOOKUP TABLE FOR THE 1ST 
ENTRY OF THE 1ST COLUMN TO PREVENT GETTING EEEEEE IN CELLS WHEN 
COMPARING VERY LOW VALUES.  CAN USE @LOOKUP IN FORMULAS, 
@LOOKUP(B2,C15...C24)*B2
28. ATARI VISICALC DOES NOT HAVE THE BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS OF @AND, @IF, 
@NOT, AND @OR.
29. SOME GOOD REFERENCES:
    *1. VISICALC FOR THE APPLE II PLUS COMPUTER, EDWARD J. DESAUTELS, 
1982.  EXCELLENT 1ST BOOK WITH SOME GOOD EXAMPLES.  NOT ALOT OF 
TEMPLATES BUT MORE OR LESS A TUTORIAL.
    *2. VISICALC HOME AND OFFICE COMPANION, CASTLEWITX, CHISAUSKY AND 
KRONBERG, 1982.  SOME 50 VISICALC TEMPLATES WHICH ARE EXCELLENT.
     3. THE POWER OF VISICALC: REAL ESTATE, SPECTRUM BOOKS.  VERY GOOD 
BUT THE BEST PGMS USE @IF STATEMENTS WHICH ATARI VISICALC CAN NOT USE.
     4. THE VISICALC BOOK: ATARI EDITION, DONALD BEIL, 1982.  THIS BOOK 
IS VERY, VERY ELEMENTARY.  I THINK THAT THE BEST BEGINNER BOOK IS THE 
FIRST REFERENCE.
     5. THE DIF FILE, DONALD BIEL.  A WHOLE BOOK DEVOTED TO USING THE 
DIF FILE.

H A P P Y  V I S I C A L C I N G !